The development of electrical and electronic systems in motor vehicles is governed by the worldwide functional safety standard ISO 26262. In addition to ensuring that automobile parts carry out their intended duties accurately and at the appropriate times, it provides standards to reduce the risk of accidents. It also offers a method unique to the automotive industry for identifying risk categories called ASILs. In order to avoid risks to people's lives, it establishes the standards for functional safety of electrical/electronic, software, or mechanical systems that are intended to be utilized in a vehicle. Twelve components make up the ISO 26262 standard, each of which refers to a particular stage in the lifecycle of a product:
- PART 1: VOCABULARY: To preserve continuity and avoid misunderstandings, this section defines frequently used terms and acronyms.
- PART 2: MANAGEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL SAFETY: The functional safety management approach that is best suited for automotive applications is described in this section. It contains details about management tasks carried out during various stages of the safety lifecycle as well as general safety management information.
- PART 3: CONCEPT PHASE: Early stages of product development are when this element is used. To do this, a Hazard and Risk Assessment (HARA) based on Item Definition must be completed. Functional Safety Requirements are also defined as part of this process and then provided to the System Team. The project's safety goals need to be established from this point on.
- PART 4: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AT THE SYSTEM LEVEL: System-level development challenges are covered in this section. It outlines the technical safety specifications that must be started, including the system architectural design, item integration, and testing.
- PART 5: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AT THE HARDWARE LEVEL: This section covers fundamental subjects including hardware design and the assessment of architectural hardware metrics. Evaluation of safety goal breaches brought on by random failures is also required under this section.
- PART 6: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AT THE SOFTWARE LEVEL: This section provides specifications for testing embedded software, software integration, software unit design and verification, and software safety. At this stage, it's common to implement qualitative analyses like Failure Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA).
- PART 7: PRODUCTION, OPERATION, SERVICE, DECOMMISSIONING: The development and upkeep of a production process for safety-related components and products that are meant to be put in road vehicles are covered in this section. It also provides information to users who interact with safety-related things about operations, services, and decommissioning.
- PART 8: SUPPORTING PROCESSES: The entire safety lifespan of the product is covered by this section. It addresses topics including how to utilize tools properly, how to qualify them, and how to employ arguments backed up by evidence from actual use.
- PART 9: AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL (ASIL)-ORIENTED AND SAFETY-ORIENTED ANALYSES: The ASIL decomposition, coexistence criteria, analysis of dependent failures, and safety evaluations are all covered in this section.
- PART 10: GUIDELINES ON ISO 26262: This section is an expanded overview of the ISO 26262 standard with more details. The objective is to increase comprehension of other components and ISO 26262 in general. A better grasp of the standard might be possible with the help of the ISO 26262 awareness training
- PART 11: GUIDELINES ON APPLYING THE STANDARD TO SEMICONDUCTORS: This section offers comprehensive information to benefit silicon intellectual property (IP) and semiconductor manufacturers. Its objective is to discuss how IP integrators and suppliers should collaborate.
- PART 12: ADAPTATION OF ISO 26262 TO MOTORCYCLES: An overview of how the ISO 26262 requirements for bikes were modified is presented in the last section. It covers safety validation, hazard analysis, risk assessment, hazard culture, vehicle integration, and confirmation measures.
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